{"id":1180,"date":"2025-12-15T10:15:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T09:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transhumances360.org\/project-360\/countries\/france.html"},"modified":"2026-02-10T14:46:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T13:46:22","slug":"france","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/transhumances360.org\/en\/project-360\/countries\/france.html","title":{"rendered":"France"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Summer mountain grazing in the heart of the Mercantour National Park (France).<\/b><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|600|||||||” text_font_size=”20px” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Part of the 1,500 ewes from the Domaine du Merle, <\/span><\/span>based in Salon-de-Provence, has left the <\/span>plaine de <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>Crau<\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>In June, in this coussoul steppe area (a dry, stony grassland typical of Provence)<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>the summer heat no longer allows the animals\u2019 feeding needs to be met. After that, <\/span><\/span><\/span>after a 250-kilometre journey by truck<\/span><\/span>,the ewes reach the village of \u2026<\/span><\/span>Entraunes<\/span><\/span>, the gateway to the Mercantour National Park. <\/span>At daybreak, the last ten kilometres are covered on foot <\/span>to reach the shepherd\u2019s hut.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>The flock is then fed exclusively on natural vegetation in an area with high biodiversity value.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Interview with Jim<\/h2>\n

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Jim \u2013 Young shepherd on transhumance<\/b><\/h2>\n

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Jim is a young shepherd trained at the Domaine du Merle (Institut Agro Montpellier \u2013 INRAE). Currently enrolled in the professional qualification for transhumant shepherd\u2013cattle herder, he is beginning his first experience of independently managing a flock. He accompanies part of the Domaine\u2019s 1,500 ewes, originally from the Crau plain. The flock travels about 250 km by truck, followed by a 10 km walk to reach the alpine pasture. On the alpine pasture, Jim gradually gets to know his seasonal territory and \u201chis\u201d flock. He will spend three months on the summer grazing grounds, developing his own herding style. His dog becomes his main ally: alert and responsive, it gathers, guides, contains, and secures the flock\u2019s movements. <\/p>\n

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\u201cFor me, it\u2019s my first summer on the alpine pasture \u2014 and for the ewes, it\u2019s the start of their holidays.\u201d<\/h3>\n

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he says with a smile, watching the ridgelines that will overlook every step he takes until the end of the season.<\/p>\n

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Sustainable management of alpine pastures: a valuable body of knowledge held by herders<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/h2>\n

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To support this management, herders receive subsidies in the form of agri-environmental and climate measures (known as \u201cAECMs\u201d). <\/span><\/span>and they organize themselves to manage these areas collectively. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

At the beginning of the season, Jim was informed about the grazing plan for the Sanguini\u00e8re alpine pasture. He knows he will need to avoid certain areas at specific times or, conversely, prioritize grazing on particular resources at a given stage of growth <\/span>specific. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

AECMs help herders cope <\/span><\/span>with the many ongoing changes. These include <\/span><\/span>have a strong impact on agro-pastoral livestock systems and require the development of new forms of herding that are both suited and adaptable to climate variability. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#E2007A” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

A hut in the pastoral larch forest.<\/h2>\n

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On this alpine pasture, perched at nearly 2,000 meters above sea level, the shepherd\u2019s hut stands at the heart of a pastoral larch forest. This alpine silvo-pastoral system is managed jointly with grazing. Thanks to the deciduous and open canopy of the larch, sunlight reaches the ground, allowing a rich herbaceous layer to develop, which is used by the flocks, most often during the summer season. <\/p>\n

The larch forest is home to woodland birds \u2014 tree pipits, warblers, and common redstarts \u2014 and, in the Southern Alps, it is a key habitat for the emblematic black grouse.<\/p>\n

To ensure the protection of these environments and their associated biodiversity, the Parc national du Mercantour establishes management agreements with herders, balancing pastoral activities with the preservation of sensitive habitats.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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The presence of wolves: a risk managed on a daily basis<\/h2>\n

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In this part of the Parc national du Mercantour, several wolf packs are established. The ewes are therefore brought back into night enclosures every evening. Losses occur mainly during the day, but remain relatively limited. <\/p>\n

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\u201cWe\u2019re always careful. But we know that coexistence is part of the job.\u201d<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

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The wolf naturally returned from Italy in 1992. The Parc national du Mercantour counts around a hundred wolves within its territory. A support scheme to help implement protective measures is offered to herders by state services, combining the use of livestock guardian dogs, grouping animals into electrified night enclosures, and maintaining a constant human presence.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Walking transhumance is being reinvented<\/h2>\n

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Today, most transhumance movements are carried out exclusively by truck. In the case of the Sanguini\u00e8re summer pasture, however, the road does not allow the animals to be dropped off directly on the alpine grazing area. The flock must therefore walk about ten kilometres, from the village of Entraunes to the hut \u2014 a task that involves nearly ten people. <\/p>\n

Many summer pastures are still in this situation. Transhumance, however, is now better recognized and valued than in the past. <\/p>\n

In southeastern and southwestern France, a few shepherds still uphold the tradition of the drailles and old drove roads, carrying out multi-day transhumance journeys from the plains to the mountains. They benefit from undergrowth clearing contracts, contributing to wildfire risk prevention, and are often welcomed as heroes as they pass through villages. <\/p>\n

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Immersive 360\u00b0 Transhumance<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/bD4fBRSmkdg” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The transhumance of the Merle flock to the Sanguini\u00e8re summer pasture was filmed in early July 2025.<\/p>\n

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A photographic slideshow documenting the transhumance<\/h3>\n

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The PasAgroPas project (PRIMA).<\/h3>\n

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The PAS-AGRO-PAS project supports around fifteen agro-pastoral livestock systems in designing new forms of pastoralism adapted to climate change.<\/p>\n

This project aims to highlight all dimensions of the multifunctionality of Mediterranean agro-ecosystems and to adapt them to environmental, agroecological, economic, sociocultural, and institutional challenges. It relies on a systemic approach that encourages the identification of constraints affecting system viability and the implementation of appropriate strategies. <\/p>\n

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Summer mountain grazing in the heart of the Mercantour National Park (France).Part of the 1,500 ewes from the Domaine du Merle, based in Salon-de-Provence, has left the plaine de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1157,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1180","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nFrance - TRANSHUMANCES 360\u00b0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/transhumances360.org\/en\/project-360\/countries\/france.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"France - TRANSHUMANCES 360\u00b0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Summer mountain grazing in the heart of the Mercantour National Park (France).Part of the 1,500 ewes from the Domaine du Merle, based in Salon-de-Provence, has left the plaine de la […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/transhumances360.org\/en\/project-360\/countries\/france.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TRANSHUMANCES 360\u00b0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-10T13:46:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transhumances360.org\\\/en\\\/project-360\\\/countries\\\/france.html\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transhumances360.org\\\/en\\\/project-360\\\/countries\\\/france.html\",\"name\":\"France - 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